Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina's (BiH) turbulent post-socialist transition has been fundamentally shaped by the relationship between religious communities and ...
871 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. )from consumed natural gas: 415, 000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. )comparison ranking: total emissions 95CommunicationsTelecommunication systemsgeneral assessment: the telecom market has been liberalized and a regulatory framework created based on the EU’s regulatory framework for communications; although Bosnia-Herzegovina remains an EU candidate country, in July 2017 it applied amended mobile roaming charges to fit in with changes introduced across the Union; further roaming agreements were made in 2019 with other western Balkan countries; the fixed-line broadband network is comparatively underdeveloped, with the result that investments made in mobile upgrades to facilitate broadband connectivity in the country to a greater extent than is common elsewhere in Europe; internet services are available; DSL and cable are the main platforms for fixed-line connectivity, while fiber broadband as yet has only a small market presence; the three MNOs, each affiliated with one of the incumbent fixed-line operators, provide national coverage with 3G, though LTE coverage is only about 89%; their upgraded networks are helping to support broadband in rural areas where fixed-line infrastructure is insufficient; mobile data and mobile broadband offers will provide future revenue growth given the limited potential of mobile voice services; the MNOs tested LTE services under trial licenses from 2013, commercial launches were delayed until the award of spectrum in early 2019; the regulator stipulated that licenses must provide national coverage within five years; trials of 5G technology have been undertaken, though there are no plans to launch services commercially in the short term, given that the MNOs can continue to exploit the capacity of their existing LTE networks (2021)domestic: fixed-line teledensity roughly 21 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular subscribership stands at 114 telephones per 100 persons (2021)international: country code - 387; no satellite earth stationsBroadcast media3 public TV broadcasters: Radio and TV of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Federation TV (operating 2 networks), and Republika Srpska Radio-TV; a local commercial network of 5 TV stations; 3 private, near-national TV stations and dozens of small independent TV broadcasting stations; 3 large public radio broadcasters and many private radio stations (2019)TransportationNational air transport systemnumber of registered air carriers: 1 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 1annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 7, 070 (2015)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 87 (2015) mt-kmAirports - with paved runways7note: paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5, 000 m (16, 000 ft.
)imports: 1. 366 million metric tons (2020 est. )proven reserves: 2. 264 billion metric tons (2019 est. )Petroleumtotal petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2021 est. )refined petroleum consumption: 34, 700 bbl/day (2019 est. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 13, 900 bbl/day (2018 est. )crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est.
)$14, 400 (2020 est. )$14, 600 (2019 est. )note: data are in 2017 dollarscomparison ranking: 103Credit ratingsMoody's rating: B3 (2012)Standard & Poors rating: B (2011)note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. GDP - composition, by end usehousehold consumption: 77. 4% (2017 est. )government consumption: 20% (2017 est. )investment in fixed capital: 16. 6% (2017 est. )investment in inventories: 2. 3% (2017 est. )exports of goods and services: 38. 7% (2017 est. )imports of goods and services: -55.
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country in Southeast Europe, in the Balkans, bordering Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to the north ...
Bosnia and Herzegovina - United States Department of State Bilateral Economic Relations. Bosnia and Herzegovina is a transitional economy that is pursuing membership in the European Union and the World Trade ...
2% (2018 est. )arable land: 19. 7% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 2% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 20. 5% (2018 est. )forest: 42. 8% (2018 est. )other: 15% (2018 est. )Geography - notewithin Bosnia and Herzegovina's recognized borders, the country is divided into a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation (about 51% of the territory) and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska or RS (about 49% of the territory); the region called Herzegovina is contiguous to Croatia and Montenegro, and traditionally has been settled by an ethnic Croat majority in the west and an ethnic Serb majority in the eastPeople and SocietyNationalitynoun: Bosnian(s), Herzegovinian(s)adjective: Bosnian, HerzegovinianEthnic groupsBosniak 50. 1%, Serb 30. 8%, Croat 15.
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Facts, Geography, History, & Oct 17, 2023 — Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country in the western Balkan Peninsula of Europe. Bosnia, the larger region, occupies the country's northern ...
Bosnia and Herzegovina - The World Factbook Background. Bosnia and Herzegovina declared sovereignty in October 1991 and independence from the former Yugoslavia on 3 March 1992 after a referendum ...
Bosnia-Herzegovina country profile Aug 22, 2023 — BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: FACTS · Capital: Sarajevo · Area: 51,129 sq km · Population: 3.4 million · Languages: Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian · Life ...
Bosnia and Herzegovina Overview Bosnia and Herzegovina is an upper middle-income country which has accomplished a great deal since the mid-1990s. Today, it is an EU potential candidate country ...
)Natural gasproduction: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. )consumption: 218. 266 million cubic meters (2019 est. )exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. )imports: 218. )proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. )Carbon dioxide emissions16. 209 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. )from coal and metallurgical coke: 10. 923 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. )from petroleum and other liquids: 4.
4%, other 2. 7%, not declared/no answer 1% (2013 est. )note: Republika Srpska authorities dispute the methodology and refuse to recognize the results; Bosniak has replaced Muslim as an ethnic term in part to avoid confusion with the religious term Muslim - an adherent of IslamLanguagesBosnian (official) 52. 9%, Serbian (official) 30. 8%, Croatian (official) 14.
The Federation and RS governments are responsible for overseeing most government functions. Additionally, the Dayton Accords established the Office of the High Representative to oversee the implementation of the civilian aspects of the agreement. The Peace Implementation Council at its conference in Bonn in 1997 also gave the High Representative the authority to impose legislation and remove officials, the so-called "Bonn Powers. " In 1995, the NATO-led international peacekeeping force (IFOR) of 60, 000 troops enforced the peace, but was replaced the next year by a smaller, NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR).
comparison ranking: 122Current account balance-$557. 887 million (2021 est. )-$658. 601 million (2020 est. )-$531. 917 million (2019 est. )comparison ranking: 120Exports$9. 948 billion (2021 est. )$6. 936 billion (2020 est. )$8. 199 billion (2019 est. )note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports. comparison ranking: 105Exports - partnersGermany 14%, Italy 12%, Croatia 11%, Serbia 11%, Austria 9%, Slovenia 8% (2019)Imports$12. 726 billion (2021 est. ) note: data are in current year dollars$9. 726 billion (2020 est.
Decision to Intervene: How the War in Bosnia Ended The Bosnian Serb objective was clear: to conclude the war before the onset of the next winter. The strategy was simple, even if its execution was brazen. First, ...
